Kamis, 31 Maret 2011

actikel active and passive voice

Sound Recordings and Reproducion tion
Sound recordings and reproduction are two separate processes used to record,store,and play back sounds.Sounds recordings use microphones to pick up sound waves in the air.The pressure changes associated with the waves are converted indo electrical signals,which can be coded and stored for future acces. Sound reproduction,or playback,uses additional devices to retrieve the stored information and convert it back into electrical signals.The signalsare then sent to a loudspeaker, which convert them back into sound.
To record sound, a microphone changes the acoustic energy of sound waves in the air into electrical signals.Inside a micruphone is a thim, flat, metallic surface, called a diaphragm,that is suspended in a magnetic field. When a sound waves reaches the microphone, the air pressure changes around the diaphragm,causing the diaphragmto move.This movement witn a magnetic field createsan electrical signal.the signal is then transferred to a storage medium,such as a cassette tape, a compact disc (CD),or a phonograph record.
To reproduce sound,a playing device-such as a CD player,cassette deck,or phonograph accesses the stored data. The playing device reads the data and converts the information back into electric energy. The electrical signal is sent to a loudspeaker, which has a diaphragm housed in a magnetic field in much the same way as a microphone’s diaphragm is housed. The electrical signal creates a disturbance in the magnetic field. These resultant variations in the magnetic field cause the diaphragm to move.As the diaphragm moves, it pushes out and pulls in,creating changes in air pressure to recreate the sound that was originally recorded.
Sound recordings and reproduction form the foundation of many industries, including entertainment, communications, and multimedia businesses. Recording and reproduction of sound allow people to play their favorite music, whether it was recorded yesterday or many years ago.Radio networks rely on sound recording and reproduction for storing news and other types of programming. Television and motion pictures combine images with music, speech, and sound effects to provide the viewer with an enriched experience. Computer programs, multimedia software,and video games also use sound to make programs more engaging.

contoh active dan passive voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
• Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier
Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
• Active : He meets them everyday.
• Passive : They are met by him everyday.
• Active : She waters this plant every two days.
• Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
• Active : He met them yesterday
• Passive : They were met by him yesterday
• Active : She watered this plant this morning
• Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
• Active : He has met them
• Passive : They have been met by him
• Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
• Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
• Active : He had met them before I came.
• Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
• Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
• Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
• Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
• Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
• Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
• Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
• Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
• Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
• Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
• Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
• Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
• Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
• Active : He would have met them.
• Passive : They would have been met by him.
• Active : She would have watered this plant.
• Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He is meeting them now.
• Passive : They are being met by him now.
• Active : She is watering this plant now.
• Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He was meeting them.
• Passive : They were being met by him.
• Active : She was watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He has been meeting them.
• Passive : They have been being met by him.
• Active : She has been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He had been meeting them.
• Passive : They had been being met by him.
• Active : She had been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He will be meeting them.
• Passive : They will be being met by him.
• Active : She will be watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He would be meeting them.
• Passive : They would be being met by him.
• Active : She would be watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He will have been meeting them.
• Passive : They will have been being met by him.
• Active : She will have been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He would be meeting them.
• Passive : They would be being met by him.
• Active : She would be watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

Rabu, 30 Maret 2011

materi active and passive voice

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.
Contoh :
• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
Passive: the soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:
1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
4. Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
5. Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan “being”, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h – o di bawah.
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis
a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.
Contoh:
• Active : she meets them everyday.
• Passive : They are met by her everyday.
• Active : She waters this plant every five days.
• Passive : This plant is watered by her every five days.
b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
• Active : she met them yesterday
• Passive : They were met by her yesterday
• Active : he watered this plant this morning
• Passive : This plant was watered by him this morning
e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah be
Contoh:
• Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
• Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
• Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
• Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
• Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week


Passive : The crop h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He is meeting them now.
• Passive : They are being met by him now.
• Active : She is watering this plant now.
• Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’ passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
• Active : He has been meeting them.
• Passive : They have been being met by him.
• Active : She has been watering this plant.
• Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.










• Penggunaan kalimat pasif:
a. ‘By’ digunakan dalam kalimat pasif apabila pelaku pekerjaan perlu untuk diketahui.
Contoh:
‘Life on the Mississippi’ was written by Mark Twain.
b. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila tidak perlu diketahui pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The streets are swept every day.
• c. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita tidak tahu atau lupa siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The professor was murdered.
• d. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif adalah ‘people’.
Contoh:
He is suspected of receiving stolen goods. (People suspect him of …)
e. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila subject pada kalimat aktif berupa indefinite pronoun ‘one’.
Contoh:
Active : One sees this sort of advertisement everywhere.
Passive : This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.
• f. Kalimat pasif digunakan apabila kita lebih tertarik dengan pekerjaan (action) daripada siapa pelaku pekerjaan.
Cotoh:
A new public library is being built.
• g. Kalimat pasif dapat digunakan untuk menghindari kalimat yang janggal atau tidak sesuai dengan tata bahasa.
Contoh:
When he arrived home a detective arrested him.
Akan lebih baik :
When he arrived home he was arrested (by a detective).

Sabtu, 12 Maret 2011

aku dan tulisan ku (puisi)

Aku dan Tulisanku  Adakah orang akan bertanya akan aku ketika aku tak pernah menulis satu kata? Adakah orang akan mencari namaku ketika aku tak pernah meninggalkan kesan? tulisanku adalah diriku, diriku mustahil adalah tulisanku jari-jariku bekerja dengan otakku tapi tidak dengan diriku diriku adalah kumpulan prilaku potensi dosa diriku adalah susunan tulang daging darah yang mungkin telah menyerap barang haram diriku bukan milikku, lingkunganku telah mengklaimnya Adakah orang pernah menerima aku berbeda dengan tulisanku? Berjayalah kalimat-kalimat yang kutulis sebab mereka mendapat teman dan musuh yang menghormati ingin aku memasukkan diriku ke dalam tulisanku harap aku bisa mendapat sapaan hormat yang sama Tulisanku adalah produksi otakku yang bersahaja tak dapat bercengkrama dengan prilakuku yang diproduksi oleh niatku yang subjektif tulisanku memberi tahu tentang aku ke dunia sementara aku tak pernah berbuat yang sama kepada tulisanku....Aku dan Tulisanku  Adakah orang akan bertanya akan aku ketika aku tak pernah menulis satu kata? Adakah orang akan mencari namaku ketika aku tak pernah meninggalkan kesan? tulisanku adalah diriku, diriku mustahil adalah tulisanku jari-jariku bekerja dengan otakku tapi tidak dengan diriku diriku adalah kumpulan prilaku potensi dosa diriku adalah susunan tulang daging darah yang mungkin telah menyerap barang haram diriku bukan milikku, lingkunganku telah mengklaimnya Adakah orang pernah menerima aku berbeda dengan tulisanku? Berjayalah kalimat-kalimat yang kutulis sebab mereka mendapat teman dan musuh yang menghormati ingin aku memasukkan diriku ke dalam tulisanku harap aku bisa mendapat sapaan hormat yang sama Tulisanku adalah produksi otakku yang bersahaja tak dapat bercengkrama dengan prilakuku yang diproduksi oleh niatku yang subjektif tulisanku memberi tahu tentang aku ke dunia sementara aku tak pernah berbuat yang sama kepada tulisanku....